Introduction
Bagan, often referred to as the “Land of a Thousand Temples,” is one of Myanmar’s most iconic destinations, known for its breathtaking landscapes adorned with ancient pagodas and temples. With over 2,000 religious monuments scattered across the plains, Bagan offers a rich tapestry of history, culture, and spirituality. This guide provides detailed insights into the history, key attractions, activities, practical information, and travel tips for visiting Bagan.
History of Bagan
Bagan served as the capital of the Pagan Kingdom from the 9th to the 13th centuries, marking the zenith of the kingdom’s influence in Southeast Asia. During this time, Bagan saw an explosion of temple and pagoda construction, with thousands erected to honor the Buddhist faith. The region became a significant center for Buddhism, attracting pilgrims and scholars.
The most renowned ruler, King Anawrahta, is credited with unifying the country and promoting Theravada Buddhism, which profoundly influenced the cultural and spiritual landscape of the region. Despite the Mongol invasions in the 13th century, which led to a decline in the kingdom’s power, the legacy of Bagan continues to attract visitors worldwide.
Getting to Bagan
By Air
The most convenient way to reach Bagan is by flying into Nyaung U Airport (NYU), which is about 5 kilometers from Old Bagan. Several domestic airlines operate flights from Yangon, Mandalay, and other major cities in Myanmar.
By Train
Traveling by train is a scenic but slower option. Bagan is accessible via a rail connection from Mandalay or Yangon, but schedules can be unpredictable. The journey provides a unique opportunity to experience the local culture.
By Bus
Bus travel is a popular choice for budget travelers. Various bus companies operate overnight and daytime services from Yangon, Mandalay, and Inle Lake to Bagan. The journey from Yangon takes around 8-10 hours, while from Mandalay, it’s approximately 5-6 hours.
By Boat
For a more adventurous route, you can take a boat trip along the Ayeyarwady River from Mandalay to Bagan. The journey offers stunning views of rural life and the riverside scenery.
Best Time to Visit
The ideal time to visit Bagan is during the cool and dry season from November to February. Temperatures are more comfortable, ranging from 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F). The weather is perfect for exploring the temples and enjoying sunrise and sunset views.
From March to May, temperatures can soar above 40°C (104°F), making it challenging to explore outdoors. The rainy season from June to October brings occasional downpours, but the landscape becomes lush, and fewer tourists visit, making it a quieter time to explore.
Key Attractions
- Ananda Temple
One of the most revered temples in Bagan, Ananda Temple, was built in 1091. The temple is known for its stunning architecture, which combines Indian and Burmese styles. Inside, you’ll find four magnificent standing Buddha statues, each facing a different direction, which are believed to represent the past, present, and future.
- Shwezigon Pagoda
This gold-covered pagoda is a prototype for many stupas built in Myanmar. It was constructed in the 11th century and is a significant pilgrimage site. The pagoda is surrounded by smaller stupas and a series of exquisite carvings that narrate the life of Buddha.
- Thatbyinnyu Temple
As the tallest temple in Bagan, reaching 66 meters (217 feet), Thatbyinnyu Temple offers panoramic views of the surrounding plains. Built in the 12th century, its architecture is a fine example of Bagan’s design evolution.
- Dhammayangyi Temple
Famous for its massive structure and unique architecture, Dhammayangyi Temple is known for its red bricks and intriguing inner corridors. The temple remains unfinished, giving it a mysterious atmosphere.
- Sulamani Temple
This temple, built in the late 12th century, is known for its intricate exterior and stunning murals. Visitors can climb to the upper terraces for a breathtaking view of the temple complex.
- Sunrise and Sunset Views
The sunrise and sunset over Bagan are magical experiences. Popular viewpoints include Shwesandaw Pagoda and the rooftops of several temples. Arriving early or staying late provides a perfect opportunity for photography and meditation.
Activities in Bagan
- Hot Air Balloon Ride
One of the best ways to appreciate the beauty of Bagan is from above. Hot air balloon rides are available during the cooler months, offering breathtaking views of the temples and the surrounding landscape.
- E-Bike Rentals
Renting an electric bike (e-bike) is a popular and eco-friendly way to explore Bagan. The flat terrain and well-paved paths make it easy to navigate between temples, allowing you to discover hidden gems at your own pace.
- Traditional Horse Cart Rides
For a more traditional experience, consider hiring a horse cart. This leisurely mode of transportation allows you to absorb the beauty of Bagan while enjoying the sound of the horse’s hooves on the dirt paths.
- Cultural Experiences
Engage with local culture by visiting nearby villages. Many tours offer insights into traditional crafts such as lacquerware making and weaving. Participating in these experiences not only supports local artisans but also provides a deeper understanding of the region’s heritage.
- Cycling Tours
Cycling is a fantastic way to explore the countryside around Bagan. Several local operators offer guided cycling tours that take you through rural villages, local markets, and scenic landscapes.
Where to Stay
Bagan offers a range of accommodations from luxury hotels to budget guesthouses.
- Luxury: The Aureum Palace Hotel and The Strand Hotel provide luxurious amenities and stunning views of the temples.
- Mid-Range: The Bagan Lodge and Tharabar Gate Hotel offer comfortable stays with modern facilities at reasonable prices.
- Budget: Guesthouses like the Golden Myanmar Hotel and Shwe Na Di Guesthouse are popular among backpackers for their affordability and friendly atmosphere.
Food and Dining
Bagan’s dining scene reflects a mix of local and international cuisines. Don’t miss trying traditional Burmese dishes like:
- Mohinga: A fish soup served with rice noodles, often eaten for breakfast.
- Laphet Thoke: A salad made from fermented tea leaves, often mixed with nuts and peas.
- Shan Noodles: A flavorful noodle dish originating from the Shan state, typically served with chicken or pork.
Many restaurants offer stunning views of the temples, making dining a delightful experience. Popular dining spots include The Sunset Garden and Be Kind to Animals The Moon.
Practical Information
- Visa Requirements
Most travelers to Myanmar require a visa. E-visa applications can be completed online before your arrival. Make sure your passport is valid for at least six months from the date of entry.
- Currency
The local currency is the Myanmar Kyat (MMK). While some places accept US dollars, it’s advisable to have local currency for smaller transactions. ATMs are available in Bagan, but it’s best to carry cash, especially when visiting rural areas.
- Connectivity
Wi-Fi is widely available in hotels and restaurants, but signal strength can be inconsistent. Purchasing a local SIM card can provide more reliable internet access during your stay.
- Respectful Conduct
As a predominantly Buddhist country, it’s important to respect local customs and traditions. Dress modestly when visiting temples, covering shoulders and knees, and always remove your shoes before entering.
Conclusion
Bagan is a destination that captivates the hearts of all who visit. Its majestic temples, rich history, and vibrant culture create an unforgettable experience. Whether you’re exploring ancient ruins, watching the sunrise over the plains, or engaging with local artisans, Bagan promises a journey that resonates long after you leave. Embrace the spirit of adventure and spirituality that permeates this enchanting region, and let Bagan leave its mark on your soul.
